Section 26: Problem 13 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
(a) Using exercises 4 and 7(c) of §22,
is closed and there are two disjoint open sets
and
containing given
and
, respectively. We show there exists some neighborhood
of
such that
. Indeed, for each
there is a neighborhood
of
such that
(using the fact that
is open and the multiplication is a homeomorphism, exercise 4 of §22), and their
union is the neighborhood of
such that
. Now,
cover
and there is a finite subcovering. The corresponding finite intersection
is the neighborhood of
disjoint from
.(b) If
is closed in
and
then
which is closed by (a). And there is a neighborhood
of
such that it does not intersect
. Then,
is open (exercise 5(c) of §22), contains
and does not intersect
. Therefore,
is closed.(c)
is continuous and closed (by (b)), moreover,
is compact as the multiplication is a homeomorphism. Therefore, by exercise 12,
as the preimage of
is compact.