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Section 3: Problem 15 Solution

Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
Assume that the real line has the least upper bound property,
(a) Show that the sets have the least upper bound property.
(b) Does in the dictionary order have the least upper bound property? What about ? What about ?
(a) For all subsets are bounded from above (by , for example), and the least upper bound of a subset of in the real line is the same as the one in (it has to be , as is an upper bound for any such subset).
For bounded from above are those subsets that have the least upper bound in the real line less than (if the least upper bound is , then there are points in the subset that are greater than for every , so there is no upper bound of the subset in ). Therefore, the same least upper bound is the one in .
(b) or . Let be a bounded from above subset of , and be the set of all -coordinates of all points in . Since is bounded from above in , is bounded from above in , so let be its least upper bound. If then there are no points in with -coordinate equal to , but for any there is a point in such that its -coordinate is greater than . Therefore, in this case is the least upper bound of . If then there are some points in such that their -coordinate is , and the set of all their -coordinates has the least upper bound in (see (a)). Then, is the least upper bound of .
does not satisfy the property, as, for example, is bounded from above (by , for example), but has no least upper bound (for any , is an upper bound of , but there is no upper bound ).