Section 3: Problem 15 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
Assume that the real line has the least upper bound property,
(a) Show that the sets
have the least upper bound property.
(b) Does
in the dictionary order have the least upper bound property? What about
? What about
?
(a) For
all subsets are bounded from above (by
, for example), and the least upper bound of a subset of
in the real line is the same as the one in
(it has to be
, as
is an upper bound for any such subset).
For
bounded from above are those subsets that have the least upper bound in the real line less than
(if the least upper bound is
, then there are points in the subset that are greater than
for every
, so there is no upper bound of the subset in
). Therefore, the same least upper bound is the one in
.
(b)
or
. Let
be a bounded from above subset of
, and
be the set of all
-coordinates of all points in
. Since
is bounded from above in
,
is bounded from above in
, so let
be its least upper bound. If
then there are no points in
with
-coordinate equal to
, but for any
there is a point in
such that its
-coordinate is greater than
. Therefore, in this case
is the least upper bound of
. If
then there are some points in
such that their
-coordinate is
, and the set of all their
-coordinates has the least upper bound
in
(see (a)). Then,
is the least upper bound of
.
does not satisfy the property, as, for example,
is bounded from above (by
, for example), but
has no least upper bound (for any
,
is an upper bound of
, but there is no upper bound
).