Section 11*: Problem 6 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
A collection
of subsets of a set
is said to be of finite type provided that a subset
of
belongs to
if and only if every finite subset of
belongs to
. Show that the Kuratowski lemma implies the following:
Lemma (Tukey, 1940). Let
be a collection of sets. If
is of finite type, then
has an element that is properly contained in no other element of
.
Take any ordered subcollection
, and the union of its sets
. We want to show that
. Take any finite subset
of
. For each point in
, there is a set in
containing it, and since the number of points is finite and
is ordered, there is a set in
that contains all these points, i.e. it contains
(if one set contains
and another contains
, then one of them has to contain both
and
, etc.). Since the set containing
is in
, all its finite subsets, including
, are in
, i.e.
. So, any finite subset of
is in
, and therefore,
. Now apply Kuratowski lemma.