Section 30: Problem 7 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
Both are not separable: any countable subset of
has an upper bound. Therefore, both are not second-countable.
is first-countable: for any
such that
is not open (
has no predecessor) the countable collection of intervals
for all
is a basis at
; but not Lindelöf:
has no countable subcover.
is not first-countable: the added point has no countable local basis (for the same reason: the supremum of countable numbers of infima of open sets will be less than
); but is Lindelöf as it is even compact. This illustrates that a subspace of a Lindelöf space may be not Lindelöf.