Section 2.2: Problem 21 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn... merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
We could consider enriching the language by the addition of a new quantifier. The formula
(read “there exists a unique
such that
”) is to be satisfied in
by
iff there is one and only one
such that
. Assume that the language has the equality symbol and show that this apparent enrichment comes to naught, in the sense that we can find an ordinary formula logically equivalent to
.
Let
. Suppose that variable
is not a free variable of the wff
, and let
be
where we substituted
for all free occurrences of
(note, that
is not a free variable of
). Consider
. We show that
and
are logically equivalent. For a structure
and
,
iff there is unique
such that
iff there is
such that
and for any other
,
iff there is
such that
and for every
,
or
iff there is
such that
and for every
,
or
iff there is
such that
and for every
,
or
iff there is
such that
and for every
,
(
is not a free variable of
) or
iff there is
such that
and for every
,
iff there is
such that
and
iff there is
such that
iff
iff
iff
.