Section 36*: Problem 1 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
Let
, open subset of the manifold
. There is a neighborhood
of
homeomorphic to an open euclidean space. Then
is open in
and is homeomorphic to an open subset of the euclidean space. Let
be the homeomorphism. There is a neighborhood
of
such that
. Then
is a neighborhood of
such that
. Now, important! This does not show yet that the space is regular. Consider the following example. Let us take the standard topology on
and make a copy of the origin, a new point
. The basis for the topology is the collection of open intervals
and open intervals containing 0 with
substituted for
:
where
. Obviously, this space is a manifold (if we do not require the Hausdorff condition in the definition), however, it is not Hausdorff: we can not separate
and
(even though for every point
and its neighborhood
there is a neighborhood
of
such that
, i.e. it is "almost regular"). So, we do need require a manifold be Hausdorff to complete our proof that it is regular.