Section 16: Problem 8 Solution
Working problems is a crucial part of learning mathematics. No one can learn topology merely by poring over the definitions, theorems, and examples that are worked out in the text. One must work part of it out for oneself. To provide that opportunity is the purpose of the exercises.
James R. Munkres
If
is a straight line in the plane, describe the topology
inherits as a subspace of
and as a subspace of
. In each case it is a familiar topology.
A basis for
is the collection of sets
. A basis for
is the collection of sets
. In both cases the intersection of a basis set and the line is an interval on the line, either
or
or
or
(we consider the line as a copy of
having a particular direction in the plane). And vice versa, that is if any such interval can be obtained as the intersection of the line with some basis set, then all same type intervals on the line can be obtained as the intersection of the line with some basis sets.
Now, not all combinations of these intervals are possible in all cases. If the line is vertical, then the respective intervals are
(produced by the intersection with
), and
or
(produced by the intersection with
, and depending on the direction of the line), and respective topologies are
, and
or
. If the line is horizontal, then in both cases the topology is either
or
depending on the direction of the line. If it has some slope then the first topology may generate either (
and
) or (
and
), depending on the direction of the line. That is, it is either the lower limit or the upper limit topology. For the second topology, if the line is downward sloping, we have intersections of the form
,
,
and
, i.e. the discrete topology. Finally, if the line is upward sloping then the second topology generates a basis consisting of either
or
, i.e. the topology is either
or
.
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